The centromere region of a chromosome has been totally destroyed by a translocation, prohibiting interaction with spindle fibres.
A chromatid is one of the two identical halves of a chromosome that has undergone replication ahead of cell division. The two "sister" chromatids are connected at the centromere, a constricted region of the chromosome.
When it comes to genetics and genomics, the term "crossing over" describes the DNA exchange that takes place between paired homologous chromosomes (one from each parent) during the formation of egg and sperm cells (meiosis).
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