A small number of sodium leaks into the cell instead of out due to the electrochemical gradient favors the entry of sodium into the cell while it is at rest. In the cell, the negatively charged ions and molecules are drawn to the positively charged sodium ions.
At a typical resting membrane potential, potassium is carried into the cells while sodium is pushed away. This necessitates the sodium-potassium exchange pump, which functions by using ATP. Every two extracellular potassium ions will be exchanged for three intracellular sodium ions.
An ATP-driven pump (Na/K-ATPase) causes the passage of potassium ions into the cell and sodium ions out of the cell to restore the proper balance of ions. When various ions pass across the neuron membrane, action potentials are produced. Sodium channels first open as a result of the stimulation.
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