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The term "Black Friday" was first used to describe the day following Thanksgiving in November 1951 and again in 1952 in the journal Factory Management and Maintenance.

Here, it was the custom of having employees call in sick the day following Thanksgiving in order to enjoy a four-day holiday.

Police in Philadelphia first coined the phrase in the 1950s to characterize the mayhem that erupted on the day after Thanksgiving when throngs of suburban merchants and visitors flooded the city in anticipation of the significant Army-Navy football game that was played on that Saturday every year.

The idea that businesses operate at a loss, or are "in the red," until the day after Thanksgiving when huge sales finally enable them to turn a profit or put them in "the black," is thought by many to be the origin of the term "Black Friday."

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