A buffer overflow is when a piece of code writes more data to a buffer than the buffer is allocated to hold.
This code segment is susceptible to a buffer overflow because the gets() function does not check how much data is being read in, and it is possible to write more data than what the 50 byte buffer can hold. This can lead to undefined behavior.
A buffer overflow can lead to undefined behavior, which can cause a program to crash or even allow an attacker to take control of the program.
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