He is able to draw conclusions about the sampled populations, but not regarding cause and effect.
Inference is defined as "a conclusion or judgment also supported by facts or evidence." According to our definition, inference is a logical step which enables one to draw a conclusion from data or reasoning. That indicates that it is a reasonable assumption and is comparable to a finding or a deduction.
Through the process of inference, a conclusion is arrived at with a certain amount of probability in relation to the available evidence, but not with absolute certainty. Estimating population totals, average, and proportions is a descriptive application.
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