Correct answer: the right to privacy.
The initial landmark case regarding establishment of a right to privacy was Griswold v. Connecticut (1965). A law in the state of Connecticut, dating back to 1873, had prohibited the use of "any drug, medicinal article or instrument for the purpose of preventing conception." The Planned Parenthood League of Connecticut (PPLC) challenged the law. Estelle Griswold was Executive Director of PPLC at the time. By a 7-2 decision, the Supreme Court determined that the Connecticut law was unconstitutional, in violation of the 14th Amendment. The court was interpreting the 14th Amendment as a right to be protected against government intrusion of a person's private life.
Next came the Roe v. Wade case (1973), which applied the privacy principle to a patient's relationship with a personal physician -- that an individual has an expectation of privacy and confidentiality in conversations with a physician. A specific "right to privacy" is not detailed witihin the United States Constitution, but the 9th Amendment states, "The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people." The 9th Amendment has been seen as a place where rights to privacy are protected. The case of Roe v. Wade dealt with a woman seeking medical assistance in terminating a pregnancy. "Jane Roe" was a pseudonym used for the court case. Attorneys for "Jane Roe" challenged the state law that prohibited abortion except "”for the purpose of saving the life of the mother," with Dallas County District Attorney named as the defendant to represent the state of Texas. The case ultimately went to the US Supreme Court and rights to privacy and the 9th Amendment became key issues in the decision.
