Marxist theory holds that capitalism exploits the proletariat by requiring them to accept low wages in exchange for using the means of production that belong to the bourgeoisie, a class of landowners.
Marx said that the bourgeoisie controlled all the power and compelled the proletariat to choose risky, low-paying employment in order to live by controlling money and the means of production.
Despite being larger, the proletariat was helpless against the bourgeoisie's will. Since the proletariat must first achieve political dominance, develop into the nation's dominant class, and establish itself as the nation, it is already national, if not in the bourgeois sense.
Because the worker no longer owns the product, which now belongs to the capitalist who bought the proletariat's labor force in return for exclusive control over the proletariat's products and all profit made by them, the worker is estranged from his or her product.
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