consequences of the overuse or misuse of antibiotics.
- Sir Alexander Fleming first mentioned the issue of antibiotic misuse in 1945 when he predicted that "the public would desire [the medicine] and thereafter usher in an era of excesses.
- " Antibiotic usage undoubtedly promotes the emergence of resistance. Epidemiological research has shown a link between the use of antibiotics and the establishment and spread of resistant bacterial species.
- Genes in bacteria can be inherited from close relatives or acquired from unrelated individuals via mobile genetic components like plasmids. Through this horizontal gene transfer (HGT), antibiotic resistance may spread between several bacterial species.
- Additionally, resistance can evolve on its own through mutation. Drug-sensitive rivals are eliminated by antibiotics, leaving drug-resistant microorganisms remaining to proliferate through natural selection. Worldwide, antibiotics are overprescribed despite warnings against overuse.
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