Answer: The controlled experiments are performed by the scientists when they want to study the changes in the sample by changing a single variable. So, the correct answer is option (b).
Explanation:
In case, all variables are kept same, no changes would be observed in the experiment sample. A controlled experiment can be performed on living things as well as non-living. But, controlled experiment cannot be performed on the things which are influenced by a lot of variables, as they cannot create realistic results. So, the option (a), (c), and (d) are incorrect.