Answer:
Group 1: 1+
Group 2: 2+
Group 13: 3+
Explanation:
The charges of the ions are dependent on the number of valence electrons.
Valence Electrons
Group 1 has 1 valence electron, group 2 has 2, and group 13 has 3. It is important to remember that elements will attempt to have a full valence shell. They may either attempt to lose all of their valence electrons or fill the energy level with 8 electrons.
Since all of these groups have less than 4 valence electrons, they will attempt to lose their valence electrons.
Determining Charges
When atoms lose electrons, they gain a positive charge. Since all of these elements will lose electrons, all of the ions will be positive, also known as a cation.
The positive charge of an element is equal to the number of electrons the atom loses. This means that group 1 will have a 1+ charge because it loses 1 electron. Continue this pattern to determine that group 2 will have a 2+ charge and group 13 will have a 3+ charge.
