The notions of equality and citizenship were key to many of Reconstruction's problems. Since the country's founding, the age has seen what are arguably the most transparent and pervasive discussions of citizenship. It was a time of both violent opposition and revolutionary potential.
The nation's realization of the Declaration of Independence's promises that "all men are created equal" and "have certain unalienable rights" was championed by radical Republicans and African Americans. African Americans received some legal freedom thanks to white Democrats, but nothing else.
After freedpeople were granted citizenship by Black Americans and their radical supporters, a fresh battle to define the legal, political, and social ramifications of American citizenship began. Reconstruction ultimately crumbled as a result of sustained resistance. Limitations on human freedom persisted in the South and would last for over century.
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