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The first law of Thermodynamics asserts that if heat is recognized as a form of energy, then the total energy of a system plus its surroundings is conserved.
The science of thermodynamics examines how heat, work, temperature, and energy are related. The general topic of thermodynamics is the transfer of energy from one location or form to another. The fundamental idea is that heat is a type of energy that is equivalent to a specific quantity of mechanical labor.
Before around 1798, when British military engineer Count Rumford (Sir Benjamin Thompson) discovered that endless amounts of heat could be produced while boring cannon barrels and that the amount of heat produced is proportional to the work done while turning a blunt boring tool, the heat was not formally recognized as a form of energy. The theory of thermodynamics was founded on Rumford's discovery of the proportionality between heat produced and work accomplished.
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