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Properties of Functions:

Definition of a Function: A function is a rule or formula that associates each element in the set X (an input) to exactly one and only one element in the set Y (the output). Different elements in X can have the same output, and not every element in Y has to be an output.

Definition of the Domain of a Function: The set of all possible inputs of a function is defined as the domain. The domain of a real-valued function defined by a formula for y in terms of x will be the set of all x input-values that result in a real y output-value unless the domain of the function is further restricted.

Definition of the Range of a Function: The set of all possible outputs of a function is defined as the range. The range of a real-valued function defined by a formula for y in terms of x will be the set of all y output-values that result from the x input-values in the domain.

Function Notation: Given that f(x) is given by some formula containing x, f(B) will be the same formula with each x replaced by B.

Linear Function Definition: If a function may be written in the form f(x) = mx + b where x is the independent variables and m and b are constants, then f(x) represents a linear function. The variable m is defined as the slope and the point (0, b) represents the y-intercept. An equation in this form is known to be in Slope-Intercept Form.

Linear Function Slope Definition: Given that f(x) = mx + b, then m is defined as the slope where:

for any two points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) on the line.  Graphically, the slope represents the change in y with respect to x on the graph of the line.

Linear Functions of Parallel Lines If two linear functions are given by f(x) = m1x + b and g(x) = m2x + b, and m1 = m2, then the graphs of f(x) and g(x) will consist of two lines that are parallel to each other.

Linear Functions of Perpendicular Lines If two linear functions are given by f(x) = m1x + b and g(x) = m2x + b, and m1 = -1/m2, then the graphs of f(x) and g(x) will consist of two lines that are parallel to each other.

Graphs of Even Functions Given a function f(x), if f(c) = f(-c) for all c in the domain, then f(x) is an even function and its graph will have symmetry with respect to the y-axis.

Graphs of Odd Functions Given a function f(x), if f(c) = -f(-c) for all c in the domain, then f(x) is called an odd function and its graph will have symmetry with respect to the origin.  Symmetry with respect to the origin implies that a 180-degree rotation of the graph about (0,0) results in an identical graph.

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