The period known as the 18th century ran from January 1, 1701, to December 31, 1800. The American, French, and Haitian revolutions in the 18th century were the culmination of Enlightenment ideas. In contrast to diminishing in Russia, China, and Korea, slave trade and human trafficking increased along the Atlantic coast during the century. Beginning with the structures and ideologies that enabled slavery, revolutions started to question the validity of monarchical and aristocratic power structures. As the Industrial Revolution got underway, the environment and human society underwent significant transformation.
Other names for this era include the "century of lights" and "century of reason." Philosophers in continental Europe envisioned a better era. With the French Revolution of 1789, this goal became a reality for some people, but it was later undermined by the excesses of the Reign of Terror. Many monarchies in Europe initially accepted the principles of the Enlightenment, but after the French Revolution they feared losing their position of authority and joined forces to fight the French Republic in the French Revolutionary Wars.
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