16S rRNA gene sequence analysis may be used to find poorly documented, infrequently isolated, or phenotypically abnormal strains, and can lead to the identification of new diseases and noncultured bacteria.
The 16S rRNA gene encodes a ribosomal component that is highly conserved among bacteria and has hypervariable areas scattered throughout its sequence (Clarridge, 2004). These hypervariable areas are specific to each bacterial species and enable categorization or taxonomy.
The results are relative rather than absolute in nature. Due to varied PCR amplification frequencies and insufficient reference databases utilised for sequence analysis, 16S rRNA sequencing might be biassed. It does not establish cause-and-effect correlations.
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