Respuesta :
Phosphorus shares its valence electrons with other elements to form a covalent bond.
The electronegativity of an element largely determines its capacity for sharing or donation of electrons thereby forming covalent bond or ionic bond. Additionally, the charge to mass ratio is a major factor in this electronegativity.
The atomic number of phosphorus is 15, and its mass is 31. It is therefore a large atom with low electronegativity. Therefore, if a highly electropositive atom does not arrive to complete its electron needs, it is unable to take three electrons from other atoms to fulfil its charge. Thus, it favours sharing in most cases forming covalent bonds.
Phosphorus typically has 5 valence electrons, and the final 3 are required to complete its octet. It does, however, possess an open d-sub shell where its electrons can be excited, changing its number of valence electrons from 3 to 5. As a result, it shares those 5 electrons with the other elements to create 5 covalent bonds.
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