A cell with a certain salt concentration is immersed in a solution. The cell does not shrink or swell. The solution is thus said to be isotonic to the cell.
A cell in an isotonic solution is in harmony with its surroundings, which means that the concentrations of solutes within and outside are comparable (iso means equal in Latin). Because there is no concentration gradient in this state, hence there is no substantial movement of water in or out.
A solution outside a cell is said to be hypotonic if it contains a lower solute concentration than the cytoplasm. Water diffuses into cell as a result of osmotic pressure, and the cell frequently appears turgid, meaning bloated.
Hypotonic fluid has less fluid, carbohydrates, plus salt than blood. Hypertonic fluid contains more fluid, carbohydrates, and salt then blood. Isotonic fluid, carbohydrates, and salt concentrations are similar in blood.
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