Vasoconstriction is caused by sympathetic stimulation of vascular smooth muscle and parasympathetic stimulation of vascular smooth muscle causes vasodilation.
- The narrowing (constriction) of blood arteries by tiny muscles in their walls is known as vasoconstriction.
- Blood flow is delayed or halted as blood vessels close. Vasoconstriction can range from mild to severe.
- It might be brought on by a sickness, medication, or psychological issues.
- Norepinephrine's interaction with postsynaptic -adrenergic receptors is the main mechanism by which sympathetic innervation of the peripheral vasculature promotes vasoconstriction.
- The majority of the body's blood arteries lack parasympathetic innervation.
- However, salivary glands, gastrointestinal glands, and vaginal erectile tissue are all innervated by parasympathetic neurons, which results in vasodilation.
- The parasympathetic division causes the body to go into "rest or digest" mode, typically lowering blood pressure and heart rate.
- Blood arteries often expand in response to parasympathetic stimulation, increasing blood flow but decreasing pressure.
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