Three main modes of carbohydrate metabolism, the glycolytic pathway, the pentose phosphate shunt, and the citric acid cycle, operate in the fetus, each predominating at different stages of fetal development.
Experiments performed on rat embryos explanted during the second trimester (New, 1978) and on isolated rat hearts (Clark, 1973) show that the fetus consumes significant amounts of glucose and lactate during the early stages. and have been shown to be relatively tolerant to hypoxic concentrations. Be. This means that the glycolytic pathway predominates at this stage of pregnancy. It has been shown that later in development, the citric acid cycle becomes more dominant and embryos are much more susceptible to reduced oxygen tension.
Since it is unchanged and glycolysis itself does not generate CO2, the source of CO2 may be glucose metabolism via pentose phosphate shunts. This signaling pathway is particularly active when tissues are growing rapidly.
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