If you want to locate someone precisely on the surface of the earth, you specify her exact latitude and longitude. If you want to locate a star precisely on the sky, you need to specify its exact right ascension and declination.
The celestial sphere's counterpart of latitude is declination (DEC), which is also measured in degrees. North and south are represented by + and - in DEC, respectively. The poles are +90° and -90°, and the celestial equator is 0° DEC. The equivalent of longitude in the celestial realm is right ascension (RA).
Similar to latitude, declination is determined by how far one is north or south of the celestial equator.
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