The condition that will create a biased estimator of a population parameter is D. The expected value of the estimator is not equal to the population parameter.
It should be noted that a parameter is a descriptive measure applied to a whole population. There are numerous population parameters exist. For instance, the population size (N) is one parameter.
For T(x) to be an unbiased estimator of population parameter, it is necessary that the expected value of the estimator is equal to population parameter.
Therefore, the condition that will create a biased estimator of a population parameter is that the expected value of the estimator is not equal to the population parameter.
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