The acceleration is obtained from the net force and the mass of a body.
What is the force?
According to the Newton second law, we know that force is the product of the mass and the acceleration of a body. Given the fact that the force applied on the body is in opposite direction to the friction, we can be able to obtain the friction from the images shown in the problem.
In the first case;
Force = mass * acceleration
acceleration= force/mass
acceleration= 175 N/50 = 3.5 m/s^2
In the seconds case;
Net force = 330 N - 196 N = 134 N
acceleration= force/mass
acceleration= 134 N/200 Kg = 0.67 m/s^2
In the third case;
Net force = 373 N - 147 N = 226 N
acceleration= force/mass
acceleration= 226 N/50 Kg
= 4.52 m/s^2
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