A weather balloon is a type of high-altitude balloon made of latex or neoprene balloons and typically filled with hydrogen or helium. It carries sensors in the air in order to transmit data on air pressure, temperature, humidity, and wind speed using a radiosonde, a tiny, disposable measuring device.
Every one to two seconds, a transmitter on the radiosonde transmits the information back to ground-based tracking devices. We can determine wind direction and speed by monitoring the radiosonde's location. Computerized NWS numerical forecast models get these data as input. The models employ mathematics together with current and historical meteorological data to give our meteorologists forecast information.
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