Wild-type phage T4 can grow on the E. coli strains B and K12. The rII mutants of T4 can grow on the E.coli strains(s) more rapidly. This indicates that rII mutants have unique host range characteristics. Further, the rII mutants of T4 lyse bacteria more slowly and, thus, give rise to smaller plaques than their wild-type counterparts. These distinct phenotypes associated with rII mutants allow for the differentiation of r + wildtype phages and rII phages.
Bacteriophage T4 includes a contractile tail, it is categorized as a member of the Caudovirales order's Myoviridae family. Before being combined to form a mature phase, T4's head, tail, and long tail fibers (LTFs) are built separately.
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