The bystander effect is the phenomenon whereby people are less likely to assist a person in need the more spectators there are. If there are few or no other witnesses to an emergency scenario, observers are more inclined to act.
Researchers Bibb Latané and John Darley discovered that the number of additional observers present affects how long it takes a participant to act and ask for assistance. In one study, volunteers were randomly assigned to one of three treatment scenarios: a room alone, a group of two participants, or a group of two confederates posing as regular subjects. Smoke started to enter the room while the volunteers sat filling out questionnaires. 75% of subjects who were left alone reported the smoke to the researchers. Only 38% of participants in a room with two other people, on the other hand, reported the smoke.
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