One palmitate molecule, a fatty acid with 16 carbons, completely oxidized to produce 129 ATP molecules.
Calculating the net ATP yield, which is the result of the difference between the total amount of ATP created and the total amount of ATP consumed, is necessary to determine the energy yield: In the electron transport chain, 1 FADH2 generates 2 ATP and 1 NADH generates 3 ATP. One acetyl-CoA, one NADH, and one FADH2 molecule are created during each cycle of -oxidation.
In 7 cycles of mitochondrial beta-oxidation, oxidation of palmitic acid results in 7 NADH, 7 FADH2, and 8 acetyl-CoA. During the Krebs cycle, each acetyl-CoA produces 3 NADH + 1 FADH2 + 1 GTP (=ATP). With the respiratory chain producing an average of three ATP/NADH and two ATP/FADH2 molecules, you have 131 ATP molecules. However, each fatty acid that will be oxidized in the mitochondria must first be activated using two ATP molecules.
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