The rostral end expansion initiates the division of the neural tube into three primary vesicles known as forebrain (prosencephalon), midbrain (mesencephalon), and hindbrain (rhombencephalon).
The differentiation of the neural tube into the various regions of the central nervous system occurs simultaneously in three different ways. On the gross anatomical level, the neural tube and its lumen bulge and constrict to form the chambers of the brain and the spinal cord. At the tissue level, the cell populations within the wall of the neural tube rearrange themselves to form the different functional regions of the brain and the spinal cord. the posterior portion of the tube has formed, the most anterior portion of the tube is undergoing drastic changes. In this region, the neural tube balloons into three primary vesicles forebrain (prosencephalon), midbrain (mesencephalon), and hindbrain (rhombencephalon).
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