If glucose is not readily available to the body's tissues, fat is broken down as a source of energy, and ketones are produced as a by-product.
The body typically uses glucose as its main energy source, but when it doesn't have enough glucose or carbohydrates stored or when the blood's concentration of fatty acids rises, the body produces more ketone bodies. Examples of this happening include several medical diseases, such as diabetes and alcoholism, as well as during hunger or fasting periods.
Ketogenesis is the process through which fatty acids degrade to form ketone bodies. Fatty acids are taken into the mitochondria of liver cells where they are broken down into an Acetyl-CoA molecule, which is frequently employed for energy production, to begin the process. The ketogenic route uses a number of distinct enzymes, each with a specific purpose, to join two of these molecules to create the final compound, acetoacetate.
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