The term "chiefdom" was introduced into political anthropology in 1955 by Kalervo Oberg. He used it to define the pólĺticalorganization of those tribes of south American Indians which formed multi-vĺllage territorial organizations ruled by paramount chiefs to whom village chiefs were subordinated. with its two-level organization, chiefdom was different from systems comprise-ĺng numerous independent villages ĺnhabited by one ethnic group. The latter was described by Oberg as a segmentary system.
It lacked political ties that went beyond the village level. The villages-segments were held together by ethnic tieś - culture, language, customs, and types of economic activities. oberg proposed the following evolution: homogenous tribes, segmintedtribes, politically oľganized chiefdoms, feudal-type states, city-states, and theocratic empires.
His proposal was met with criticism and opposĺtion, but the term "chiefdom'' itself was readily accepted and its definition was expanded.
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