Physiological dead space comprises of anatomic dead space) + (alveolar dead space) in the respiratory zone.
- Air that is present in the conducting airways, in terms of volume is the anatomic dead space.
- Inhaled air entering this area of the lung cannot participate in gas exchange because alveolar capillaries are blocked (e.g., by a pulmonary embolism), therefore it behaves just like air entering the conducting airways.
- The amount of respiratory zone air that is not involved in gas exchange, known as physiologic or total dead space, is equal to anatomic plus alveolar dead space.
- The respiratory bronchioles, alveolar duct, alveolar sac, and alveoli make up the respiratory zone.
- The figure shows empty space. Anatomic dead space is represented by the volume of gas just in the airways i.e., gas close to the respiratory bronchiole, including gas in the mouth, nose, and ventilator tubing where no gas exchange is possible.
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