Dispersion is the change in the distribution area of populations. Snail: Daily Movements. Seeds: Passive dispersal. Fishes: One return journey. Butterfly: One way only.
What is dispersion?
Dispersion is the change of range or distribution area. It refers to the movement of individuals or populations from one place to another one.
Dispersion is the dissemination and distance of some individuals from others. Each individual is considered the dispersion unit, being able to have different mobile stages.
Dispersion ends by causing changes in the distribution area.
Dispersion events might be
- Ecological processes → to avoid intraspecific competition for resources. It might involve daily or seasonal migration. Intra-area movements.
- Biogeographical processes → Involve the individual movement in a wider area. Extra-area movements.
There are different types of dispersion,
- Jump dispersion → one or a few individuals of the same generation are capable of evading a barrier and getting to a new area where they establish themselves. This is the case of dispersion to an island.
- Diffusion → A whole population, through many generations, can reach wider areas by exploring and expanding to new favorable regions.
- Secular migration → Diffusion events in too many generations. Involves evolution and speciation.
In the exposed example, we can identify the followings,
- Snail ⇒ Daily Movements ⇒ dispersion to avoid competition
- Seeds ⇒ Passive dispersal ⇒ dispersion by wind to stablish in a new area and avoid competition
- Fishes ⇒ One return journey ⇒ seasonal migration to look for better conditions.
- Butterfly ⇒ One way only ⇒ diffussion involving many generations
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