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Genetic variation is required for natural selection to operate. If all individuals possessed the same feature, there would be no relative variation in their reproductive success because they would all be equally suited to their environments.
A population's genetic variation can be measured to provide an idea of the range of genetic differences that are present in that community.
The genetic variation that exists throughout an entire species is typically referred to as the species' genetic diversity. Individuals might have distinct genetic variants due to variances in the DNA segments or genes they inherited from their parents. These variations are referred to as alleles. A population, for instance, is said to have a high level of genetic variety when there are many distinct alleles present at a single chromosome site. Natural selection can only increase or reduce the frequency of alleles that already exist in a population.
Mutations, which change the order of genes in DNA, are one way that genes can be different. Another source is gene flow, which is when genes move from one group of organisms to another. Lastly, sexual reproduction can cause genetic variation because it creates new combinations of genes.
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