A population of beetles in which some individuals are blue and some individuals are green evolves by chance because more alleles of one color are transmitted to the next generation than alleles of the other color. This mechanism of evolution is known as Genetic drift.
- Genetic drift is the arbitrary change in the frequency of a gene variant in a population. Gene variations may totally vanish due to genetic drift, which would limit genetic diversity.
- Genetic drift is a random or chance process that can produce significant population changes quickly.
- Recurringly small population sizes, drastic population size reductions known as "bottlenecks," and founder events, in which a new population is created from a small number of people, all contribute to random drift.
- For example, a population of rabbits having brown and white fur, with the dominant gene being white fur.
- Genetic drift may result in the eradication of the whole white population, leaving only the brown population.
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