Because feudalism had never been firmly established in Italy, growing city-states were able to expand into surrounding areas by taking lands away from nobles.
What is feudalism?
Feudalism is a system, which was relevant in the European and Japanese regions during the Middle Ages. Under this system, the noble class were the ones who held the land in exchange for providing security and military protection.
Hence, option D holds true regarding feudalism. The complete question has been added as an image for reference.
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