Statements 1, 3, and 6 are scientific observation while statements 2, 4, and 5 are scientific explanation.
What is a scientific observation?
A scientific observation can be defined as an active acquisition of knowledge (information) through one of the sense organs, while using scientific tools and instruments.
In this scenario, some examples of a scientific observation are:
- "Cloning has the potential to significantly benefit a great many people, so it should not be considered immoral or risky."
- "The age, type, and composition of ancient rocks in western Africa are nearly identical to the age, type, and composition of rocks in eastern South America."
- "The rocks present in western Africa and eastern South America formed at the same place and at the same time."
What is a scientific explanation?
A scientific explanation can be defined as a type of statement that is used to provide adequate information on the reason for an event, process or phenomenon, especially after drawing an inference.
In this scenario, some examples of a scientific explanation are:
- "The cloning of organisms is an exciting area of study, and more resources should be be devoted to it."
- "Even if modern organisms are found in ancient portions of the fossil record, this wouldn't challenge the theory of evolution in any way."
- "A scientist thinks that he might find serious inconsistencies in the fossil record if he conducts an excavation in a new location."
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