Answer:
- vertex: (8, 1)
- p-value: -2
- opens downward
Step-by-step explanation:
The vertex of a parabola is halfway between the focus and the directrix. The p-value of the equation is half the distance from the focus to the directrix. The parabola opens around the focus, away from the directrix.
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vertex
That is, the vertex will lie on the same vertical line, but have a y-coordinate that is the average of the y-values of the focus and directrix. Here, that means the y-value of the vertex is ...
(directrix +focus)/2 = (3 +(-2))/2 = 1
The focus is on the vertical line x=8. The coordinates of the vertex are (8, 1).
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p-value
The parameter "p" is part of the leading coefficient of the quadratic defining the parabola. It fits into the vertex-form equation as shown here:
[tex]y=\dfrac{1}{4\mathbf{p}}(x-h)^2+k\qquad\text{vertex at $(h,k)$}[/tex]
The value of p is the distance from the focus to the vertex. When the focus is below the vertex, as here, the value of p will be negative.
p = (focus y-value) - (vertex y-value) = (-1) -1
p = -2
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opening
The focus lies "inside" the parabola, and the directrix lies "outside." The parabola "wraps around" the focus, away from the directrix. When the focus is below the directrix, the parabola opens downward. (The leading coefficient of the equation is negative, telling you the same thing.
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Additional comment
The parabola is the set of points equidistant from the focus and directrix. Thus it should come as no surprise that the vertex is equidistant from the focus and directrix. They lie on the same vertical line when the directrix is horizontal.
The latus rectum is the line segment parallel to the directrix, through the focus, with end points on the parabola. Its end points always lie on a line with slope ±1/2 through the vertex. This can help you find (or verify) the focus graphically.
