The periodic chart was first arranged by atomic mass by Dmitri Mendeleev. By grouping the columns into groups, Henry Moseley later refined the periodic table's layout. Thus, the correct option is D.
The periodic table is a tabular collection of chemical elements arranged according to atomic number, starting with hydrogen and going up to oganesson, which has the highest atomic number. The quantity of protons in the nucleus of an element's atom is known as the element's atomic number.
Mendeleev set up the periodic table by the atomic mass, also leaving spaces blank for elements that had not yet been discovered. Many elements that Mendeleev put on his periodic table are the same elements.
The last piece of the puzzle came together six years after Mendeleev's passing. The atomic mass used to arrange the periodic table almost always yields the same order as the atomic number. There were a few exceptions, though, that didn't work (like iodine and tellurium, as mentioned above). Mendeleev had recognized that they needed to be switched around, but Moseley was the one who made the decisive discovery.
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