Answer:
D
Step-by-step explanation:
An observational study is conducted by drawing inferences from a sample to a population where the independent variable is not under the control of the researcher.
One common observational study is about the possible effect of a treatment on subjects, where the assignment of subjects into a treated group versus a control group is outside the control of the investigator.
The best option which fits the description :
Testing the effectiveness of a mouthwash by allowing one group to use it and comparing the results with those of a group that doesn't use it.