DNA replication or duplication is the process of making copies of DNA by the cell. It involves a series of steps and various enzymes required for the completion of the process.
What is the process of DNA replication?
DNA replication has several steps along with some proteins called replication enzymes as well as RNA.
The process of replication is as follows:
- Replication fork: It is made by unzipping DNA into two strands. It is done by break of the purine and pyrimidine bond accomplished by an enzyme called DNA helicase.
- Primer binding: After this unzipping, a short piece of RNA which is called as a primer binds to the 3' end of the DNA strand. The primer bound is the starting point for replication. Primers are generated by the enzyme referred to as DNA primase.
- Elongation: DNA polymerase aids in the elongation process in DNA replication. As the replication moves in the 5' to 3' direction on the leading strand, the newly formed strand will be continuous. But in the case of the lagging strand replication starts by binding with multiple primers which involve DNA polymerase and then adds pieces of DNA, called Okazaki fragments, to the strand between primers.
- Termination: On the formation of both the strands, Exonuclease removes all RNA primers followed by proofreading and then the adhesion of the Okazaki fragments by enzyme DNA ligase.
Thus, these were the steps involved in the process of DNA replication.
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