d) You have a difference of squares:
49y² - 9 = (7y)² - 3²
Recall the identity,
a² - b² = (a - b) (a + b)
So,
49y² - 9 = (7y - 3) (7y + 3)
e) Pull out the common factor 3 from each term:
3x² - 3x - 90 = 3 (x² - x - 30)
Now use the sum-product method. Notice that we can write 30 = 5 • 6, and 5 - 6 = 1, so
3x² - 3x - 90 = 3 (x + 5) (x - 6)
f) Same as in (e), use the sum-product method. Notice that 42 = 7 • 6, and -7 - 6 = -13, so
x² - 13x + 42 = (x - 7) (x - 6)
