A claim that is made by Meeropol in the excerpt is that some Americans saw the election of Bill Clinton as repudiation.
A claim simply means the main argument that's in a literary work. It's the authors stance regarding an issue.
In this case, some Americans saw the election of Bill Clinton as repudiation. The historical development illustrated by the excerpt is the abolishment of the federal guarantee of entitlement and turning AFDC over to the states.
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