We can see that the most powerful factor responsible is endurance. It helped Shackleton and his men surviving their mountain crossing.
Shackleton expedition is known as an expedition that was conceived by Sir Ernest Shackleton. It was actually an attempt to make land crossing of the Antarctic continent for the first time. It was seen as "one great main object of Antarctic journeyings"
We see that the most powerful factor that actually helped them was endurance. They endured the ice as they crossed over.
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