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Nitrification. The conversion of ammonium to nitrate is performed primarily by soil-living bacteria and other nitrifying bacteria. In the primary stage of nitrification, the oxidation of ammonium ( NH+4) is performed by bacteria such as the Nitrosomonas species, which converts ammonia to nitrites ( NO−2).
GloomyThesis

Answer:

Either through bacteria or lightning

Explanation:

Nitrogen can be converted directly to nitrates through lightning.

It can also be converted to ammonia (NH3) through free-living nitrogen fixing bacteria e.g Azotobacter or fixed on plants by symbiotic micro-organisms e.g Rhizobium. The Ammonia formed is converted to Nitrites (NO2) by nitrifying bacteria e.g Nitrococcus bacteria. The Nitrites are converted to nitrates by other nitrifying bacteria e.g Nitrobactor

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