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Effective ICM is a principled approach to NRM that is focussed at the broader catchment or watershed scale. It is difficult to articulate an ICM policy at a national or state level that will be sufficiently detailed and practical for implementation at the local level.However, if the ICM framework approach and principles discussed in this chapter are adopted, national and state ICM policies should be able to articulate goals for programmes for the management of water, land, and vegetation and still allow for the integration of these programmes at local and regional scales.Regional NRM bodies should be able to use the ICM framework, incorporating elements of planning, implementation, assessment, monitoring, and review in planning their on-ground actions. And regional bodies are the appropriate scale to be able to engage communities and deliver flexible programmes that result in integrated outcomes. These outcomes should then be independently assessed to assess whether the defined targets and stated outcomes have been achieved and the programme has been delivered effectively and efficiently.National and state targets for NRM are important for setting appropriate policy and prioritisation for investment. However, there is also need for capacity building to enable the implementation of ICM programmes at local levels to allow for synergistic returns to achieve the higher based targets.It is also highly desirable that bodies responsible for ICM be underpinned with statutory powers, have a secure revenue base, be connected (and accountable) to communities of interest, and have a degree of flexibility to implement integrated programmes based on proper planning processes.
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