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The discovery of a new species cannot change the structure of a previously proposed tree, but can only
lead to the addition of a new branch,
a. True
b. False
What name is used to describe a species that exhibits the ancestral state for every trait observed?
a. Ingroup
b. Homologous species
C. Outgroup
d. Sister species
When building a phylogenetic tree, where do you place a letter used to designate a species?
a. At a node where two branches diverge
b. At the end of a branch unique to that species
c. At a mark crossing the branch to the clade that includes that species
When building a phylogenetic tree, where do you place a number used to designate a change in a character state?
a. At the end of a branch between the last species to exhibit the old state and the first to display the new state
b. At a mark crossing the branch for the species that exhits the new state
c. At a node where two branches diverge

Respuesta :

marianaegarciaperedo

The phylogenetic tree shows evolutionary relationships between taxonomig groups. 1) b. False. 2) c. Outroup. 3) b. At the end of a branch. 4) b. At a mark crossing the branch for the species that exhits the new state

The phylogenetic tree is composed of,

  • Lineages → The taxonomic groups of interest. These are placed in the extremes of the branches.  

  • Nodes → These are the ramification points, which are also known as divergence points. They represent the location of the most recent common ancestor.  

  • Root → This is the older common ancestor that all lineages share. The first one in the tree.  

⇒ Highly related groups that share a recent common ancestor. This means that they all diverge from the same node.

⇒ Lineages less related to each other are those whose common ancestor is far away in history.  

⇒ The most distant group receives the name of the outgroup.

  • The outgroup shares no traits or derived characters with the lineages of interest that compose the ingroup.  

  • The outgroup can be compared with the ingroup to determine the evolutive relationship and which characters are primitive or derived.

  • Even though the outgroup shares a common ancestor with the ingroup, this is placed far away in evolution, making the outgroup to be the taxonomic group less related to the other lineages.  

  • The lineages in the ingroup share another common ancestor that is more recent in history.

1) b. False  

The discovery of new species can lead to a change in the original structure of the phylogenetic tree. It can also lead to the addition of new branches.

2) C. Outgroup

The outgroup is the ancestral lineage in the phylogenetic tree that expresses the ancestral state of every character. It is to compared to the ingroups to determine evolutive relationships.

3) b. At the end of a branch unique to that species

Taxonomic groups are placed only at the end of the branches. The node does not carry any name. And new emerged traits or changes in in a character state are placed at a mark crossing the branches.

4) b. At a mark crossing the branch for the species that exhits the new state

As said before, the new trait or the change in character state is placed in the midde of each branch, marking a difference with the anterior taxonomic group.  

You can learn more about phylogenetic trees at

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