Sec. 5.1: “Simple Ions”

1) How much an element __________ depends on its ________________ configuration.
a) __________ gases are the __________ reactive elements because their outer energy levels
are ____________ with ______ electrons.
(except He, which is full with 2)
b) In most chemical reactions, atoms try to ______________ the electron configurations of the
noble gases by either ______________ or _______________ electrons.
c) Most atoms want to become __________.
2) Octet rule: a concept of chemical ______________ theory that is based on the assumption that
______________ tend to have either ________________ valence shells (energy levels) or
_____________ valence shells of _________ electrons. “8 is _____________”
3) **_____________ Metals and ____________ are the _____________ Reactive Elements
a) As members of Group _____, alkali metals have only _____ electron in their outermost
__________ __________.
b) By _____________ that 1 electron, an ___________ metal can get an electron configuration
like a ____________ gas, with ______ electrons in its outermost energy level.
c) 1s22s22p63s23p64s1
_________________
Potassium will lose the 1 electron in the 4th energy level so that its outmost energy level is empty.
4) Remember, potassium’s electron configuration was 1s22s22p63s23p64s1
a) Question: Why doesn’t potassium gain 7 electrons to become stable instead of losing 1?
Answer: _______________________________________________________________
5) As members of Group _____, the halogens have _____ electrons in their outermost
__________ __________.
a) By gaining _____ electron, a __________ can get an electron configuration like a
__________ gas, with _____ electrons in its outermost energy level.
b) 1s22s22p63s23p5 _________________
Chlorine will gain 1 electron to make its outmost energy level full.
6) After it __________ one electron, potassium has the __________ electron configuration as
____________ does after it __________ one electron.
a) Both are the same as the noble gas ___________. 1s22s22p63s23p6
b) The atoms of many ____________ become __________ by achieving the electron
configuration of a __________ __________.
c) Remember, the ___________ in the outermost energy level are called _________ electrons.

7) To find out how many ______________ electrons an atom has, check the _____________
_____________.
a) Magnesium, Mg, has the shorthand electron configuration: [Ne] 3s2
b) The outermost energy level is the _______ energy level.
c) This means that a magnesium atom has _______ _____________ electrons, both in the 3s
orbital.
8) The shorthand electron configuration for phosphorus, P, is: [Ne] 3s23p3
a) The outermost energy level is the ________ energy level.
b) This means that each phosphorus atom has ________ valence electrons: _______ in the 3s
orbital, and _____ in the 3p orbital.
9) Atoms Gain or Lose Electrons to Form __________ __________.
a) All atoms are _______________ because they have ___________numbers of
____________ and _____________.
b) For example, a potassium atom has _________ protons and 19 ____________.
c) After _______________ 1 electron, potassium still has _______ protons but now only has 18
_________________.
d) Because the numbers are ________ the same, there is a net _________________ charge.
10) Ion: an atom, radical, or molecule that has ______________ or ____________ one or more
_______________ and has a _______________ or _____________ charge.
a) Show how a potassium atom forms an ion with a 1+ charge:
b) Cation: an ___________ that has a ______________ charge. (think of the cat!)
11) In the case of chlorine, far less __________ is required for an atom to __________ one
electron rather than lose its ________ valence electrons to become _____________.
a) Show how a chlorine atom forms an ion with a 1- charge:
b) Anion: an _______ that has a ___________ charge. (think of the ant!)
12) Both an __________ and its __________ have the same number of __________ and
__________ so the nuclei are the same.
a) But, an atom and its ion have _______________ numbers of _________________.
b) The chemical properties of an atom depend on the __________ and configuration of its
___________.
c) So, an atom and its ion have __________ __________ __________!!!