It should be noted that the reason for the difference in brightness is that the resistance is lower on the right than on the left.
From the complete information, the resistance that's given in the first two LED circuits is R. Also, the resistance that is given in the two LED circuits onto the right is R/2.
From Ohm's law, I = V/R. This implies that I is indirectly proportional to R. Therefore when the resistance is decreased, there will be an increase in current flow.
Therefore, the glow of the two LEDs on the right is more than those on the left because the resistance is lower on the right than on the left.
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