Isaiah wants to build a new shopping complex. He is afraid that once news gets out about his plans, the price of the land where he wants to build the shopping complex will increase in price. Isaiah, therefore, hires Landon to purchase the parcels of land for him and to keep the fact that Landon is working for Isaiah a secret. Landon enters into a written contract for the sale of the land with Miriam and does not tell Miriam that Landon is an agent for anyone else on the deal. Isaiah refuses to buy the property from Miriam.

Is Landon obligated to perform the contract with Miriam?

a. No, he is not because the purchase of the land benefits only the principal, Isaiah.
b. Yes, he is because agents are always liable for performance on contracts they enter into on behalf of their principal.
c. No, he is not because Landon is not the principal.
d. Yes, he is because there was an undisclosed principal who failed to perform.