Answer:
Cross Hatching -- Cross hatching involves a series of lines created in diagonal opposition to each other. In the shaded area, draw diagonal lines from right to left, with a series of lines perpendicular to them from left to right.
Liner Hatching -- The liner-hatching technique is the same as the cross-hatching technique without the diagonal crossed lines. Use a series of diagonal lines, short and long, running in the same direction, to add shading to an area of an object to give it the illusion of a three-dimensional shape.
Tonal -- Tonal shading highlights the light area by leaving it empty of drawn lines, but darkens the area not hit by the light. The pencil marks in this technique are small and close together.
Smudging -- After drawing in the tonal shading, if you want to make the darker areas of the object blend better, use a shading tool -- a blending stump or tortillon – to merge the pencil marks together into a solid tone.
Explanation:
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