Different types of cells look and function differently, the basis for these differences is DIFFERENT PATTERNS of gene expression. This process (differential gene expression) leads to cell specialization.
Gene expression refers to the process by which the genetic information flows from a DNA sequence (i.e., a gene) to an mRNA molecule and finally to a protein.
In somatic (body) cells, the differential patterns of gene expression lead to the generation of different proteins and ultimately to different types of cells (cell phenotypes).
In consequence, cells are specialized to perform specific functions because different genes are being expressed.
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